Wednesday, January 16, 2013

What is a Shamanic Dieta?

A shamanic dieta is traditionally offered in the Amazon Jungle to shamanic apprentices,  studying under the care and tutelage of a maestro/maestra who has spent  his or her life in communion with the wisdom of the indigenous rainforest plants and trees as his/her primary teachers of healing wisdom.  The apprentices are people who have committed their lives to following this path of medicine with the intent to understand nature, harmonize and heal, surrendering everything they think they know in submission to source-earth, the purity and wisdom of the plants as teachers, healers from another realm, bringing wisdom, transformation and healing to us for our everyday lives.

 Traditionally it could take 10 years or more before an apprentice became a maestro/maestra.  In this era it does not require living in the jungle to be an apprentice of the plants, nor does it necessarily entail the full duration of time, we are living in a tremendous shift and traditions are changing in accordance with the changing of our consciousness.  Today the plants are calling us to help us understand what is happening in our world now, human consciousness, how to live, how to be a good steward of Mother Earth, Pachamama, how to heal and create.  The dieta is for people who are serious about becoming medicine men and women of deep integrity and intuition, using the teachings only to heal,  never for personal gain.  I will offer several dietas per year and with them, your apprencticeship to the plants will be structured, ordered and straight.  I anticipate hearing that my dieters find their creativity in creating themselves, their worlds and communities with  clarity, power and innovation.  This is exciting.

Traditionally, the shamans, the curanderos/curanderas were taught their intuitive healing wisdom, rituals and sacred songs known as "icaros", by taking a number of these Amazonian medicinal plant dietas into their bodies through their lifetimes.  Traditionally, more dietas meant a more proficient shaman, with rituals of purification, discipline teaching him/her how to hold healing space with integrity, intuition and skill.  The plants are psychic teachers, connecting the student to the innate wisdom of the universe insomuch as the shaman/medicine man/woman is receptive and suited as a practitioner..  Today, with time collapsing on it's axis, scale is no longer the determinant of a shaman's skill, agility and effectiveness.

 It is important the dieta is overseen by either a maestro/maestra, or in our case me, who has been a devoted, well trained and natural practitioner of the plants with many years experience studying and dieting with the traditional and non traditional shamans in the Amazon.  In no circumstances should a new dieter diet a plant without having the plants prepared by a qualified shaman.  It is important the rebuilding of the apprentices'/dieters' internal structure is configured, monitored and directed by a qualified and trusted shaman until such time as the apprentice/dieters' sense of self is very much intact and clear.  There are delusions the ego seems to reliably  bring to the table as an unhealthy condiment to a healthy meal when people begin the practice of plant medicine.  The overseeing shaman, who in this case will be me, ( Dieta Mama) or Craig (Dieta Papa) will keep each individual's dieta "straight".  At times during the duration of the diet, feelings and thoughts can get "crossed", which, if it happens can result in confusion, depression, negativity.  It is the overseeing shaman's duty to "straighten" the diet.  It is the job of the plant, the dieta itself, to straighten out the crooked, misdirected energies we all may have within us in order for there to be a smooth, pure flow of reliable wisdom within the entire being of the apprentice/dieter.

 The plants are taken by the dieter as a tea for a set number of days with a disciplined protocol of strict dietary restriction as they do so.  After the duration of the strict dieta (usually 8 days for a short dieta), there follows a month of somewhat restricted activities (see below).   The plants themselves are the teachers of the dieta,. What they teach is divine wisdom or "saviduria divina", wisdom beyond the mind, beyond what has been learned in books or other teachings.  Typically it would be the maestro/maestra who prepares the plant medicine  for each individual dieter, singing icaros, praying, speaking, blowing, whistling into it personally for the individual  The apprentice/dieter makes enough tea for 4 days and then takes the tea each day at 4pm in the afternoon each day for four days and is taught the nature and songs of the plant's particular medicine as it is dieted and absorbed into the body (body, mind, heart, soul) for the duration of the 1 month time frame the dieta is working (the plant is only consumed for 4 days however) The restrictions of, no salt, sugar, alcohol,vinegars, red meat, pork, dairy, fat, no sex, are to be kept for 8 days.  At the end of the start of the 8th day you wake and swish the prepared salt into your mouth for 60 seconds, spit, feel generally much better and then life gets somewhat more normal physically .  For the next 30 days the sex, alcohol, pork restrictions stay in place with suggested cessation of all refined sugars.  The entire month may have many challenges as the plant, doing its job, keeps working so I suggest taking a month with little exciting entertainment, stimulation, new projects, jobs, relationships etc.  During the diet please do not make any major life decisions of any kind if at all possible.

 The plant teachers, after entering the apprentice/dieters body,  become enmeshed with the actual architecture/ geometry of the apprentice/dieter's energetic being, restructuring personality, purifying, healing ego weakness and insecurity, clearing blockages, and new intuitions become available to assist in deepening an understanding of life for the self, what is true, dissolving feelings of separateness, guiding and building confidence, trust and knowledge in the assistance/teaching of others.

The work of the dieta will continue for 6 months as it grows strong in the "garden" of the apprentices' body and psyche.  In order for the plant to "grow" within the human body, we make our bodies an environment free of salt, fat, red meat, sugar, dairy, caffeine and alcohol, vinegars, during the 8 days of the intense part of the dieta .  These restrictions can be challenging mentally, emotionally and physically for some people.  Inexperienced dieters ought to plan on 8 days when they may feel like they have a bit of flu or even mild depression as they diet.  It is recommended that the dieter make their lifestyle as free from stimulation as possible with as much rest and solo meditation time as possible.  Each dieter will get an hour consultation session with me, Kellee Morris, or my partner, Craig Caviezel during their dieta (can be any time during the entire month during our operating hours or, if you have an emergency, any time) as part of their dieta package in order to check in, ask questions, get assistance straightening wonky thoughts and feelings etc.  These can be by phone, in person, or on Skype depending on where we all are.

During the dieta, the old structures of personality and belief are often broken down for new structures and knowledge to be built in their places.  It is typically an emotional time, an epiphaniacal time, a grieving time as the old mental ways die away, we listen to the plant and new paradigms and wisdom grow in the places of the old, tired, slow and outdated linear/mental methods of old. It is normal for people to feel disorientated during dietas though every normal task can be accomplished with no problems but fatigue.  The beauty, purity and clarity of the diet and its wisdom will generally come streaming through after the month is entirely finished, though some people experience this from the get go.  Everyone's experience is different, some people feel worse for a while.  Please know we offer support on an ongoing basis even after the month if necessary for a very reasonable fee.

Our focus in this new style of western shamanic dieta being introduced here,  is to fuse the tradition of these Shipibo and Mestizo dieta traditions with the wisdom of the Northern American plants as the source of our first short dieta.  Because we live in North America, because our geographical lineage is felt from the native tribes of this country, we are honoring them and calling on their wisdom to teach us through their plants rather than going to Peru to diet the traditional Amazonian plants. (I also highly recommend dieting in the Amazon under a number of different maestros/maestra's I can refer you to)  The plants are being quite specific in letting me know which plants we will be dieting and in which order. We will mostly diet the North American plants however, there are certain protective plant traditions from the Amazon we will also be taking in the future for safety, protection and ancient wisdom. (the plants of the Amazon are the oldest lineage of living things on the planet)

I am not a maestra by title,  however the plants themselves have called me to invite you to this practice.  I personally have taken 25 different dietas into my body, 18 of which were conducted under Maestros Don Alberto Torres Davila, Hamilton Souther, Chris Odle, Guillermo Arevallo, 3 of which were personally conducted by me, for myself, led by the plants.  As your "Dieta Mama" I can only say the plants have given me sensibilities beyond any mental reason and I trust them entirely.  My work with the plants has given me the ability to flow in the work of  an effective and compassionate curandera.  From the time I was a small child I have been learning from the plants, gathering them, making them into tinctures and eating them.  When we are called to the plants, we are called.   You will simply know if this is for you. My commitment to using the plants only to heal is 100%.  If you know me, you will know if you feel you can trust my guidance.

Shaman Craig Caviezel "Dieta Papa" is a gifted Dietero and Medicine man,  personally trained by me with several years of experience working with plant, native american and crystal medicine before he met me.  He is gifted and hand selected and trained  by me to work in partnership.  I have had him oversee and configure several diets and each one he has done for himself and others have been very successful in the lives of those who took his dietas.  Depending on the time of your diet or consultation, you may encounter either of us.  I will be consulted about everything and oversee each person's diet.

I took my apprenticeship over the course of 7 years in Peru very seriously.  I gleaned all I could from my amazing maestros and the dietas of the plants changed and continue to transform and change my life, my perceptions and give me gifts to heal and care beyond all logical reason. I too am still a work in progress.  Everyone's experience will be different.  I encourage you to journal your experiences and share them here if you like.

The suggested donation per person which includes your plants (in this case Osha Root and honeyed Osha for after the 4 days to continue connecting with it through the month) a portion of treated sea salt with which to end the dieta ranges from $200-$300.  The place in this range you select ought be determined by your heart.  We have some people who require far more than others.  A shamanic dieta with a shaman in the jungle will run you approx $60-$100 per day just to give you a point of reference.   If you need the materials shipped to you there will be an additional $15 fee to do so.

 Craig and I sit with each person's personal allocation of medicinal plant, we sing  into each of your plants personally for you according to the guidance the plant gives.  We sing the wisdom and  power into the plants, honeyed osha and salt to create structure, guidance and potency to your personal studies of life of self, your growth, expansion, healing, purification, balancing, the straightening of your energetic body. The process per person can take a considerable amount of time.  The plants always guide.  You will have clear  instructions for how to make your tea, what to eat, do, not do and you will be entitled to the 1 hour sessions with Craig or I (or two 1/2 hour ones) over the course of the 1 month duration of the dieta.  One of us should always be available during reasonable business hours, and some weekend hours.   After the eight days everything is allowed back into the diet besides alcohol, pork and sex with limits on refined sugars.

Additional consultations during the course of the dieta will be available for 1/2 hour sessions @ $30 per session.

In the event you feel called to this dieta and are unable to pay the suggested price, please get in touch with me to work out something creative where there is value for our exchange.

Please read the information about the nature and properties of Osha

 (Kwiyag'atu tupkapi in the Ute Native tongue)

The dieta following this will be a protective dieta, traditional Peruvian "Ahos" made up from Camphor, garlic, white onion in a suspension of alcohol.  This formulation is commonly known as "vampire juice" and will be a powerful cleansing and protection diet.  After this diet, you will be ready to start your studies to begin working on others.


muna-yaki (I love you in Quechua), 

Dieta Mama, Kellee and Dieta Papa Craig


Saturday, January 5, 2013

La Primera Dieta de Mama Dieta: Bienvenido OSHA!


rough draft
Osha has been said to mean "bear" in a Native American language.

In the Native American Ute tribal language Osha is known as Kwiyag'atu tupkapi, nipo, chuchupatechuchupatichuchupastechuchupatleguariacahierba del cochino or yerba de cochinoraíz del cochino, and washí (tarahumara). In the Jicarilla language, Osha is called ha’ich’idéé. The White Mountain Apache call it ha 'il chii' gah

Osha, Porter's lovage, Porter's licorice-root, Porter's wild lovage, loveroot, bear medicine, bear root, mountain lovage, Indian parsley, mountain ginseng. The original language is unknown. Its common names include osha root, Colorado cough root, Indian root, Indian parsley, wild parsley, mountain ginseng, mountain carrot, nipo, empress of the dark forest.
Scientific Name 
Ligusticum porteri Coulter & Rose (Apiaceae or Carrot Family) 




Below are my findings and experiences of this plant, gathered through study and taking it medicinally.  Please bear in mind, this is a training dieta, to teach and infuse us with the wisdom of this plant as a teacher. It is intended not only to protect and heal physically but to teach the nature of the plant and the wisdom of it for use in our daily lives, being medicine in this world.  This dieta may be used to promote health and well being in the cold winter months but it is intentionally designed for those looking to explore their connection to the nature of this plant's natural geographic location which is some of the western United States.  Please email yogagroove@gmail.com for more information if you are unfamiliar with the shamanic dieta principles.
 Uses 
Osha has been used medicinally by indigenous people for centuries and subsequently absorbed into the pharmacopeias of other peoples.
This is one of  the most important herbs of  the Rocky Mountains, considered sacred by the Native Americans and widely esteemed by them for its broad and effective warm healing power. Many tribes burned it as incense for purification to ward off  airborne illness in their homes and also subtle negative influences and thoughts. Osha Root is arguably the best American herb for lung and throat infections. It stimulates the macrophages or resident white blood cells of the lungs, numbs sore throats, bronchio-dilates the lungs to assist in expectoration, warms the lungs and helps one to breathe more deeply. Osha can be used as a preventative for those prone to sore throats and lung congestion or who get secondary infections from allergies. As Osha Root brings more blood into the lungs, it assists in dilation of the lungs when constricted. Therefore, it is helpful for emphysema, pneumonia, allergies, smokers cough, and athletically induced asthma. Osha Root is also antirheumatic, antispasmodic, diaphoretic, digestive, febrifuge, and stomachic. It is used internally in the treatment of fevers, digestive complaints, toothache, painful menstruation and retained placenta. It has also been used to treat tuberculosis and headaches. An infusion of the roots is used externally to treat body aches. Powdered osha root can be used to make a soothing cough syrup. It is more effective than Echinacea and Goldenseal when one is already acute and congested. It increases oxygen utilization and uptake into the body, which aids in motion and air sickness. 

Osha is experienced with mystical dreaming, increase in confidence and sense of self.


The strength of this herb is immediately apparent by its strong odor and illustrates superiority over the Chinese (ligusticum wallichii) variety, which has very different healing properties.

The root of  Osha is the part used medicinally. Energetically it is spicy, bitter and warm. The healing components in this powerful herb include volatile oils, essential oils, terpenes, lactone glycoside, saponins, ferulic acid, and phytosterols.

Its healing properties are antiviral (a substance that destroys or weakens a virus), diaphoretic (producing perspiration), diuretic (increases the flow of  urine), decongestant (breaks up congestion), expectorant (helps bring up mucus), stimulant (increasing activity), carminative (inducing expulsion of  gas from stomach or intestines), and emmenagogue (provokes menstruation).

Osha root is a powerful antiviral and antibacterial herb strongly used for the respiratory system especially for catarrh/phlegm, colds, coughs, bronchial pneumonia, flu and other respiratory infections.

Because of  its strong antiviral properties, it should be taken at the first minimal signs of  a cold or flu, fevers, pharyngitis, early stages of tonsillitis (sore throat), pneumatic lung/respiratory complaints, indigestion and delayed menses.

 It can even increase the appetite after the stomach is settled.
 It is extremely beneficial and effective combined with Echinacea against leukocytosis (increase of  white blood cells), which is usually indicative of an impending infection.  It can also be used externally on skin wounds for prevention of  infection.

Other known uses: hangover,  and rheumatism, The hollow stems have been smoked to break the nicotine habit 
Externally, root preparations were used to treat aches and pains, digestive problems, scorpion sting, wounds and skin infections.  


(All information contained herein is gathered from various sources and is not in any way intended nor shoul be used as authorized medical advice.  Claims regarding the uses of these plants and the research from which they were obtained has not all been verified by any m.d. or n.d. and thus should be fully researched by exacting individuals.  Bibliographies were left out as this dieta is, for most of us based on trusting the spirits.  Scientific information is a wonderful thing but  not our primary focus in embarking on this journey with the Osha Plant.  Thank you, Kellee, The Dieta Mama)


Identification and Growth Location of the Plant
Osha is strictly a mountain plant, and it is most commonly found in deep, moist soils rich in organic material. The plant requires partial shade. Osha is widely distributed from British Columbia south into Oregon and Washington, and throughout the Rocky Mountains and the high mountains of New Mexico. It is most common in the upper limits of the subalpine zone, so in the southern part of its range, it grows at elevations from 7,000 feet to 10,000 feet (2100 m to 3000 m), while from Utah, Wyoming, and Montana northwards, it grows as low as 5,000 feet (1500 m).

Osha is dependent on mycorrhizal fungi, and attempts to artificially cultivate the plant outside of its habitat have not been successful. Cultivation in areas where osha naturally grows have been more successful.

Osha roots have a collar of dead leaf material surrounding the root crowns which is hairlike in appearance. The roots dry very quickly and are very astringent when fresh, and can cause blistering of the mouth and mucous membranes in humans if ingested fresh. The dried roots do not have this astringent effect. Roots of older plants are far stronger and bitter than those of younger plants.
Osha has the typical appearance of members of the parsley family, with parsley-like leaves and umbels of white flowers. The bases of the leaves where they attach to the root crowns have a reddish tint which is unique, and the roots are fibrous, with a dark, chocolate-brown, wrinkled outer skin. When this skin is removed, the inner root tissue is fibrous and yellowish-white with an overpowering, pleasant "spicy celery" fragrance that resembles lovage(Levisticum officinale).
Osha plants form large clumps over time, and can grow to be very large. In areas of New Mexico, Colorado, and Utah, osha can reach heights of 6 to 7 feet and produce circular colonies with dozens of root crowns growing from a central root mass. Osha is best harvested in the afternoon as the plants are relished by bears, which are known to visit the plants during the morning.

Description 
Osha is an herbaceous perennial growing from 50 to 100 cm tall or more. In winter, the 
above-ground parts die back to a thick, woody and very aromatic rootstock. The plant has 
deeply incised, elliptic or lance-shaped leaf segments that are 5 to 40 mm in width with 
larger basal leaves. The white flowers appear during late summer, and are approximately 
2 to 5 mm in diameter with five petals. They are grouped in flat-topped, compound 
umbels and are followed by reddish, oblong, ribbed fruits 5 to 8 mm in length. 
Distribution 
Osha is native to mountains of western North America from Wyoming (Arizona, 
Colorado, Idaho, New Mexico, Nevada, and Utah) to the states of Sonora and Chihuahua, 
Mexico. Osha often grows in rich, moist soils in wooded habitats—from pine-oak 
woodland to spruce-fir forest—but it is also found on slopes and in meadows with drier, 
rocky soils from1,500 to 3,505 meters ( 4,900-11,500 feet;  Cronquist et al. 1997, Welsh 
1993, Martin et al. 1998) 




Reproduction 
Like many plants in the Apiaceae, the flowers are attractive to a variety of insects such as 
flies, beetles, bees and wasps. However, studies of pollination biology among plants in 
the carrot family find that there is a distinction between mere visitors and effective 
pollinators, with the latter being andrenid, colletid and halictid bees (Lindsey 1984) in 
some cases. Halictid bees have been seen visiting flowers of osha in the Chiricahua 
Mountains of Arizona (M. F. Wilson, observation Sep. 2, 2003). Seeds of osha are not 
dispersed by animals or wind and most likely remain close to the parent plant when they 
drop (David Inouye, pers. comm. 2007).

The genus Ligusticum consists of 40-50 species of circumboreal plants (Mabberley 
1997). Many are used medicinally. American Ligusticum species have been used as 
anticonvulsants, to stimulate appetite, and to treat anemia, hemorrhage, tuberculosis, 
stomach disorders, heart troubles, respiratory infections, earaches, sinus infection and 
congestion, and other ailments (Moerman 1998). Some Asian members of this genus are 
important in Chinese, Japanese and Korean herbal formularies. Ligusticum chuanxiong
Hort. (L. wallichii Franch.), Szechuan lovage root, is used to treat amenorrhea, 
dysmenorrhea, headaches, ischemia and thrombosis (Bensky & Gamble 1993). Many 
peoples of north temperate regions eat portions of a number of species of Ligusticum raw, 
cooked as potherbs, or as condiments or spice (Tanaka 1976). 
Chemistry 
Chemical analysis conducted on L. porteri has identified pthalides and monoterpenes 
(Beck 1996, Delgado et al. 1992, Gillespie & Duszynski 1998)   
More chemical work has been conducted on the Asian members of the genus than 
American species. Several different classes of compounds have been isolated from 
Ligusticum: alkaloids (such as perlolyrine, tetramethylpyrazine, and others); an 
anthraquinone (chrysophanol); phenolic compounds (such as ferulic acid and caffeic 
acid); phenylpropanoids; phthalides (such as butylidenephthalide, ligustilide, 4-hydroxy-
3-butylphthalide, senkyunolide and others);  coumarins and furanocoumarins; and 
terpenoids (such as α-pinene, β-pinene, and limonene) (Huang & Pu  1990, Shibano et al. 
2005, Sinclair 1998, van Wyk & Wink 2004, Yan et al. 2005)
Trade 
L. porteri is sold in the form of ground roots, whole roots, tinctures, and seeds. Osha 
harvest appears to be declining. Figures for the trade of dried osha root demonstrate a 
precipitous drop after the 3-year United States Forest Service moratorium was enacted in 
1999. Annual domestic trade in dried wild roots had not reached even 10% of former 
high figures after the year 2000 (AHPA 2007). Because of the decline in trade of wild 
roots, cultivated material became more important in commerce after 2002.  
Legal Protection and Conservation Status 
During 1999, due to high demand and what was considered over collection in the 
southwestern United States, Regions 1 and 4 of the United States Forest Service issued a 
three-year moratorium on the personal and commercial use/collection of Ligusticum. 
Osha was listed as “rare” on the 1997 International Union for the Conservation of 
Nature’s Red List of Threatened Plants (Walter & Gillett 1998) but has not been 
subsequently listed. The species is not formally protected under native plant or 
endangered species laws. United Plant Savers (UpS), a conservation organization that focuses its efforts on populations of medicinal plants collected from the wild, includes 
osha on a list of "at risk" species (UpS 2007). Osha was proposed for consideration of the 
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora 
(CITES) during 2000 (Anonymous 2000) based largely on a report produced by the 
University of Maryland Program in Sustainable Development and Conservation Biology 
(1999). However, L. porteri is not currently listed on CITES Appendices I, II, or III.  
Although some populations of osha are considered large and secure there is little 
information available for other populations. Conservation action, if necessary, is 
hampered by the lack of data. There are no comprehensive management programs in 
place to manage populations of L. porteri. None of the western states with L. porteri
populations prohibit collection of the plants on state lands. Grazing, commercial and 
residential development, recreational activities, off-road vehicles, logging and collection 
for medicinal use have all been cited as factors in the decline of L. porteri populations 
(University of Maryland Program in Sustainable Development and Conservation Biology 
1999). 
Sustainable Use and Conservation 
There has been concern on the part of some experts that L. porteri is being overharvested 
(Robbins 1999). This is also true for Mexico because of this country’s important and 
unregulated medicinal plant market (Felger et al. 1999, Felger & Wilson 1995, Martin et 
al. 1998, Stoleson et al. 2005). The entire plant is removed when the roots are harvested. 
Osha is considered to be slow-growing and some estimates consider the plants to be over 
ten years old when harvested. The destructive collection of osha from slow-growing 
populations could lead to unsustainable harvesting.  
Cultivation of osha has proved to be challenging and not cost efficient (Cech 2002, David 
Inouye pers. comm.. 2007). Research into germination and in vitro propagation would be 
important to aid cultivation. David Inouye, Director of the Conservation Biology 
Program at the University of Maryland, asserts that osha is best cultivated by assisting 
propagation in wild stands. The best time to collect osha root is in the fall, after the seeds 
have had time to mature and fall to the soil. Education of collectors to harvest in a 
sustainable manner is always important in the case of wild-crafted herbs. 
A syrup made from the stems has been used for many of the disorders that the root is 
used for (Curtin 1976) and this should be investigated as an alternative to destructive root 
harvesting. Other more common species in the Apiaceae, such as several Angelica spp.
and others are used in virtually identical ways to Ligusticum (Yi et al. 2007) and their use 
as alternatives to wild-harvested osha should be considered.
 [BOX]Sustainable Actions  
• Wild-harvesters: Find out the legal requirements for wild-harvesting osha in your 
state; rotate harvest areas; thin patches rather than collecting all available plants; 
leave a portion of mature and juvenile individuals untouched. Collect plants after mature seeds have fallen. Non-destructive harvest may be possible by taking only 
a portion of the roots (Cech 2002). Harvest should follow standards of the 
International Standard for Sustainable Wild Collection of Medicinal and Aromatic 
Plants (Medicinal Plant Specialist Group 2007). 
• Growers: Research legal requirements for cultivating osha in your state; ensure 
seed is obtained in a way that does not threaten wild populations; consult local 
experts and resources for cultivation requirements in your area (McKeon 1999). 
• Practitioners and Consumers: Choose ethically-wildcrafted or verifiably 
cultivated sources of osha roots or supplements; use osha only when it is best 
indicated; when choosing substitutes, exercise caution not to choose a species that 
is equally as vulnerable to overharvest (Cech 2002). 
• Suppliers and manufacturers: consider promoting other herbs that have similar 
indications; the use of the herbaceous portions of osha should be investigated as 
an alternative to destructive root harvest (Curtin 1976, Pennington 1963, Yi et al 
2007).
Disclaimer 
The information contained in this article is not intended nor implied to be a substitute for 
professional medical advice relative to your specific medical condition or question. All 
medical and other healthcare information that is given here should be carefully reviewed 
by the individual reader and their qualified healthcare professional.  
Citation 
Michael Wilson, Drylands Institute (www.drylandsinstitute.org). 
Wilson, M. F.  May 2007. Medicinal Plant Fact Sheet: Ligusticum porteri / Osha. A 
collaboration of the IUCN Medicinal Plant Specialist Group, PCA-Medicinal Plant 
Working Group, and North American Pollinator Protection Campaign. Arlington, 
Virginia.  

This information was taken from the research of Michael Wilson in an entomologist and botanist who is Research Director of Drylands 
Institute in Tucson, Arizona. With Richard Felger, he is working on A Desert 
Pharmacopeia: The Medicinal Plants of Southwestern North America. He is a contributor 
to articles that can be found in Dry Borders: Great Natural Reserves of the Sonoran 
Desert (University of Utah Press 2007), Biodiversity, Ecosystems, and Conservation in 
Northern Mexico (Oxford University Press 2005), and is a co-author of Trees of Sonora, 
Mexico (Oxford University Press 2001) among other publications. More Information/Citations 
Anonymous. 2000. Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild 
Fauna and Flora (CITES). Tenth meeting of the Plants Committee. 
 meeting of the Conference of the Parties: Ligusticum porteri. Online at: 
http://www.cites.org/eng/com/pc/10/PC10-9-3.pdf
AHPA. 2007. Tonnage Survey of North American Wild-harvested Plants, 2004-2005. 
Silver Spring, Maryland: American Herbal Products Association. Online at: 
http://www.ahpa.org/Portals/0/members/04-05_AHPATonnageReport.pdf
Bensky, D. & A. Gamble. 1993. Chinese Herbal Medicine Materia Medica. Eastland 
Press, Vista, CA. 581 pp. ISBN-10: 0939616157 
  
Beck, J. J. 1996. Investigation of the Bioactive Constituents of Several Herbal Medicines, 
Doctoral Dissertation, Colorado State University. 
Bye, R. 1986. Medicinal plants of the Sierra Madre: comparative study of Tarahumara 
and Mexican market plants. Economic Botany 40: 103-124. 
Cech, Richo. 2002. Growing At-Risk Medicinal Herbs, Cultivation, Conservation and 
Ecology.  Horizon Herbs Press, Williams, OR. 336 pp.  ISBN-10: 0970031211
Cronquist, A., N. H. Holmgren, and P. K. Holmgren. 1997. Intermountain Flora: 
Vascular plants of the Intermountain West USA, Vol. 3 part A. New York Botanical 
Garden, New York. 446 pp. ISBN: 0893273740 
Curtin, L. S. M. 1976. Healing Herbs of the Upper Río Grande. Arno Press, New York  
281 pp. ISBN 040509499X. 
Delgado, G., R. G. Reza-Garduño, M. Y. Ríos, and F. Del Río. 1992. Pthalides and 
monoterpenes of the hexane extract of roots of Ligusticum porteri. Planta Medica 58, 
570-571. 
Felger, R.S., G.P. Nabhan & R. Bye. 1997. The Apachian/Madrean Region of 
southwestern North America as a Center of Plant Diversity. pp. 172-180. In: S.D. Davis 
et al. (eds.). Centres of Plant Diversity: A Guide and Strategy for their Conservation. Vol. 
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